J42 Kapota Jātaka

《鸽子与乌鸦》

本生经42: 鸠本生
一只鸽子住在厨房里。一只贪心的乌鸦为了满足食欲与它交朋友，并且住进了厨房。乌鸦的计划能否成功？

绘图/ 柯淑凌
设计/ 柯淑凌、王宗使
复述/ 柯淑凌
审稿/ 陈语

The Pigeon and the Crow

Jātaka 42: Kapota Jātaka
A pigeon lives in a kitchen. A greedy crow befriends him in order to eat the food, he is then housed in the kitchen too. Can the crow’s plan succeed?

Readability level: Intermediate I
Illustrated by Kwa Seok Leng
Designed by Kwa Seok Leng, Ong Chong Sai
Retold by Lee Sher Lynn
Proofread by Lee Yuk Peng, Joanne Soo & Shernyn Tay


一时，导师佛陀住在祇陀林时，开示关于一位贪心的比丘。
At one time, Buddha, the Teacher was living at Jetavana, gave this Dhamma talk about a greedy bhikkhu.

当时，经其他比丘众告知后，佛陀询问那位贪心的比丘：“比丘啊，听说你为人贪心，真的吗？”
At that time, upon being informed about this bhikkhu by others, the Teacher asked, “Bhikkhu, is it true that you are greedy?”

“是的，尊者。”
“Yes, Bhante.”

导师说：“比丘！你在前生因贪心之故，不但令你丧失生命，还连累你依靠的智者失去它的住所。”
The Teacher said: “In the past, bhikkhu, you have lost your life and at the same time caused the wise, whom you relied on, to lose his home due to your greed!”

比丘众请求世尊解释，世尊便说明隐秘之因。
The bhikkhus begged the Blessed One to explain. The Blessed One spoke the hidden cause.

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在过去，菩萨投生为一只鸽子。
In the past, the Bodhisatta was born as a pigeon.

当时，波罗奈城有一个渴求功德的民间习俗，就是在各处悬挂稻草笼，供鸟类舒适的居住。
The Bārānasī folk of those days, as a common culture to gain merits, used to hang up straw-baskets at various places as comfortable shelters for the birds.

一位波罗奈城富翁家的厨师也在他的厨房里，挂了一个稻草笼。菩萨就住在这准备好的地方。每天一早，它出去觅食，黄昏回来，它就这样过日子。
A rich merchant’s cook in Bārānasī hung up a straw-basket in the kitchen, and the Bodhisatta lived in this place which had been prepared. Everyday, he would go out to search for food in the morning and return in the evening. He spent his days as such.

有一天，一只乌鸦在厨房上方飞过，嗅到了变酸的鱼片，起了贪欲心。他想：“我能靠谁，去得到这些鱼肉呢?”
One day, a crow flew over the kitchen and smelled a piece of rotten fish which had gone bad, and his greed arose. The crow thought: “Hmm…who can I rely on to get the fish?”

乌鸦于是停留在旁，等候时机。到了傍晚，乌鸦见到菩萨飞入厨房。“啊! 我可以靠它去取鱼肉！”
The crow hung around and waited for an opportunity. In the evening, he saw Bodhisatta fly into the kitchen. “Ah! I can rely on him to get the fish!”

第二天早上，乌鸦回来。当菩萨出去觅食时，乌鸦紧紧地跟随它。
The crow came back the next morning. When the Bodhisatta flew out to look for food, he kept following him very closely.

于是，菩萨问乌鸦，“朋友，你为何老是跟着我？”
Then the Bodhisatta asked the crow, “Why do you keep following me, friend?”

“我的主人，我喜欢您的样子，从现在开始，我会侍候主人您。”
“My master,” answered the crow, “I like your appearance. From now on, I will serve you, my master.”

“朋友啊！但是你的食物与我不同，你侍候我会很困难的。”
“But friend, your kind of food is different from mine,” said the Bodhisatta, “you will find it difficult to serve me.”

“我的主人，您放心吧。当您觅食时，我也与您一同去。”
“My master, don’t worry,” said the crow, “when you go out to search for your food, I will go with you.”

“好。但必需得精进不放逸才好。”
“Alright,” said the Bodhisatta, “but you must be diligent and not lazy!”

菩萨告诫了乌鸦后，便四处漫步啄食草籽，而乌鸦见到牛粪块，便啄开来，吃其中的蛆虫直到它填饱肚子。
After admonishing the crow, the Bodhisatta wandered around and pecked some grass-seeds, while the crow went about turning over the cow dung to eat the maggots till his stomach was full.

然后，它来到菩萨面前，劝说：“主人啊！您吃得太久了。您吃够就可以了。”
Then he looked for the Bodhisatta, and remarked, “My master, you take too long to eat. You should just eat enough.”

傍晚时分，菩萨吃饱后，便飞回到厨房，乌鸦跟在后头。
When the Bodhisatta had enough food in the evening, he flew back to the kitchen with the crow following behind him.

“我家的鸽子和另一只回来啦！” 厨师大声说道。
“Our pigeon is back with another bird,” exclaimed the cook.

厨师准备了另一只稻草笼给乌鸦。从此，两只鸟就寄宿在一起。
The cook prepared another straw-basket for the crow. Thereupon, the two birds lived together.

有一天，富商带回来许多鲜鱼。厨师拿了那些鱼，并挂在厨房各处。
One day, the rich merchant brought back many fishes. The cook took them and hung them around the kitchen.

乌鸦见了就起贪欲心，“明天我不去外面觅食了，就吃这个！”于是，整个漫长的一夜，它都在呻吟。
The crow turned greedy after seeing lots of fish, “Tomorrow I won’t go out to search for food, I would just eat these!” So, he kept groaning throughout the night.

第二天，当菩萨要出去觅食时，说：“来吧，乌鸦朋友。”
The next day, when the Bodhisatta was going out to search for food, he said, “Come along, crow friend.”

“主人，您自己去吧，我肚子痛！”
“Go without me, my master. I have pain in my stomach.”

“朋友，我从没听说过乌鸦会肚子痛。” “你一定是渴望这里的鱼肉。走吧！人的食物对你是不适合的。不要这样做，跟我一同寻食去！”
“Friend, I have never heard of crows having pain in their stomach before.” “You must be longing to eat the fish here. Come, man's food is not suitable for you. Do not act like this, come along with me to search for food.”

“主人啊！我真的没办法去。”
“I can’t go, my master.”

“好吧，你的言行将很快被知晓。注意，不要被贪欲所击败。”

“Well, your conduct will soon be known. Beware, do not let greed overpower you.”

  
菩萨对乌鸦作了忠告，便出外觅食去了。
After giving advice to the crow, the Bodhisatta flew out in search of his daily food.

厨师把各类的鱼依照不同的用途处理。然后用筛子遮罩好，走出厨房，站着擦汗乘凉。这时，乌鸦从笼内探出头来东张西望，知道厨师离开了。
Meanwhile, the cook took several kinds of fish and prepared them in different ways. Next, he covered the dish with a colander. He left the kitchen for cool air while wiping his sweat. At that moment, the crow popped out from the basket, glanced around the kitchen and knew that the cook was away.

乌鸦想：“哈！现在正是时侯。”“嗯，我要取大块的肉还是粹肉呢？吃这些肉需要点时间。” “显然，粹肉吃了饿得很快，不如衔一大块肉，回到笼中躺着吃吧！”
The crow thought: “Ha! Now is the time.” “Hmm… Should I grab a big piece of meat or minced meat? It will take some time for me to eat this meat.” “Obviously, eating the minced meat will make me hungry faster, why don’t I take a large piece of meat and bring it back to the basket where I can lie down to enjoy the meat.”

于是它飞了出去，停在筛子上，发出了“叽”的一声。
So he flew out, landed on the colander and made a “click” sound.

“糟了！”
“Oh No!”

厨师听到声音，“那是什么声音？” 说着便急忙进入厨房，看到了乌鸦。
The cook heard the sound, “What is that sound?” said the cook. The cook entered the kitchen quickly and spotted the crow.

“啊，是一只可恶的乌鸦想吃我给大富商准备的肉！” “我是为富商工作的，可不是为这愚蠢的家伙，它算什么东西啊！”
“Oh, this bad crow wants to eat the meat that I have prepared for the merchant!” “I work for the rich merchant but not for this fool, what is he to me?”

厨师关紧门窗，捉住乌鸦，把它全身的羽毛拔去。接着，把生姜、茴香捣烂，加上盐及酸酪浆，调和成酱汁，再把酱汁涂遍乌鸦全身。最后，把遍体鳞伤的乌鸦扔进草笼中。
The cook shut all the windows and door to catch the crow. He then plucked off all the crow’s feathers. Next, he pounded fresh ginger and cumin seed, mixed them in salt and sour buttermilk, then rubbed the mixture on the crow’s entire body. Lastly, he threw the injured crow back into the basket.

乌鸦倒在笼子里痛苦的呻吟着。
The crow was groaning in pain inside the basket.

傍晚，菩萨归来，见到没有羽毛的不幸者。
The Bodhisatta returned in the evening. He saw the unfortunate crow without feathers.

“贪心的乌鸦啊！你不肯听我的话，为了贪欲，结果受这么大的痛苦。”
“Ah! Greedy crow, you did not heed my advice and now you experience this huge pain due to your greed.”

菩萨接着唱出偈颂：

“不听怜悯、慈爱的忠告，

犹如乌鸦不听小鸽劝，

无助躺在敌手中。”

Then, the Bodhisatta recited the stanza,

“Whosoever, not taking the advice being offered

By one with compassion and kind wishes,

Just like the crow, not taking the little pigeon’s advice,

Lies helpless in the hands of an enemy.”

菩萨唱完偈颂，又说道：“现在，我也不能再住在这里了。” 便向他方飞去。乌鸦死后，厨师连同稻草笼，把它丢在垃圾堆里。
After reciting the stanza, the Bodhisatta said, “Now, I cannot live here any longer either.” Then, the Bodhisatta flew away. Meanwhile, after the crow died, the cook threw both the crow and the basket into the garbage dump.

 

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导师接着说：“比丘啊！你不但今生贪心，过去生也贪心。因你依赖贪婪之故，贤者失去了他的住所。”
The Teacher then said: “Bhikkhu, you are not only greedy now, you were also greedy in the past. Because of your greed, the wise had to abandon his home.”

 
佛法开示后，导师阐明四圣谛。圣谛的结尾时，那位比丘证得了阿那含果(三果)。
After the Dhamma talk, The Teacher made known the Four Noble Truths. When the Noble Truths were preached, the bhikkhu attained the Fruit of the Third Path.

导师连接贯穿了过去世与现在世：“那时的乌鸦是这贪心的比丘，而鸽子正是我。”
The Teacher then connected the previous birth with the present as follows, “At that time, the greedy bhikkhu was the crow, and I myself was the pigeon.”

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省思 Reflection

请看看贪心的乌鸦的下场。

贪心是不好的。虽然大家知道贪心不好，但是不容易把它完全根除。

贪心显现为自私、执着等。自私显现为只顾自己好；执着显现为黏着活的生命或无命之物。由于贪婪，我们逃脱不了轮回，一次又一次地遭受痛苦。应根除即使是最微小的执着，直到有一天我们可以从无尽的生死轮回解脱出来，达到安稳的彼岸——涅槃。

Look at the consequence of the greedy crow.

Greed is bad. Although most of us know this, it is not easy to eradicate greed completely.

Greed manifests as selfishness, attachment etc. Selfishness manifests as only caring about oneself; attachment manifests as holding onto living beings or non-living things. Because of attachment, we are unable to escape from the round of rebirth and will suffer again and again. It is important to eradicate even the slightest attachment until we can one day be released from the endless round of rebirth and attain the security of the other shore, Nibbāna.